This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1921 Excerpt: ...the roof covers the end of the tube, but the floor usually projects out even farther. Between the roof and the floor lies the tube in which the larva lives. It is made by cementing sides of small leaf fragments between the broad floor and roof, and lining the cavity thus formed with a thin but tough sheet of silk. ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1921 Excerpt: ...the roof covers the end of the tube, but the floor usually projects out even farther. Between the roof and the floor lies the tube in which the larva lives. It is made by cementing sides of small leaf fragments between the broad floor and roof, and lining the cavity thus formed with a thin but tough sheet of silk. Figure 89 represents a cross-section of the case. This type of case is used during the winter and spring months. It is the type most frequently omitted by the larvae, perhaps because their environment does not always furnish suitable material. Though the broad, flat form of these cases of leaf fragments, with their hoods projecting over the heads of the slowly-crawling larvae, are as nearly invisible as is possible, it seems probable that their most important function is to form a broad surface that will always remain with the same side up, and not roll in the slow current. As the larvae get older, in late spring, they change the flat-leaf type of case to cases in which the tube is much tougher. Small fragments of bark are now mixed with pieces of leaves in the tube, the broad roof and floor of leaves is discontinued, and on each side of the case a heavy stick is added, which usually runs the entire length of the case and projects for half an inch beyond each end, figure 94. These "ballast" sticks have the same function as the flat surface of the leaf cases--they keep the cases from rolling in the current. In changing the case from the flat-leaf type to the ballast-stick type, the sticks are added to the top and bottom of the leaf case, causing the sides of the leaf case to become the top and bottom of the ballast-stick case. Figures 92 and 94 represent the transi-- tion between the flatleaf case and the ballast-stick case. When the...
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