This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1922 Excerpt: ...of the reaction against the wall, the total thrust is given an inclination downward equal to the angle of friction. While it may be true that seepage of water along the back of the wall would reduce this coefficient of friction, it certainly A C Flo. 10S.--Retaining wall inclined towards the fill. would never eliminate ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1922 Excerpt: ...of the reaction against the wall, the total thrust is given an inclination downward equal to the angle of friction. While it may be true that seepage of water along the back of the wall would reduce this coefficient of friction, it certainly A C Flo. 10S.--Retaining wall inclined towards the fill. would never eliminate it entirely. For this reason, therefore, the assumption that there is no frictional component downward along the back of the wall, while on the side of safety, is needlessly conservative, for it not only yields a larger overturning moment but disregards a force that tends to hold the wall in place. The angle of friction of wet earth against the back of the wall is probably the minimum value that need be assigned to z for accurate designing, yet the practice of engineers has been generally to allow nothing for this friction and to use the formulas resulting from neglecting it. For an inclined back, the direction of the thrust can be ascertained only by the theoretical formulas mentioned above or an equivalent method, but for the ordinary cases, the modification for walls inclined forward is slight, and since the reliability of the results is questionable, a further exposition of the subject will not here be made. Where the earth fill slopes downward, i.e., the angle of surcharge is negative, the value of the thrust obtained from Eq. (12) theoretically is correct, but it includes an element of passive force, and hence, the active force is somewhat less than that amount. In Fig. 108, the pressure on A B is less than it would be on its projection, BC, because of the presence of a prism of earth ABC between the plane BC and the wall. This decrease in the pressure may be assumed to be in proportion to the mass of this triangular prism, and it amoun...
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