PHP Internals: The Zend Engine and C Extensions: A Comprehensive Guide to Zend Engine, Learn C Extension Development, and Optimize Your PHP Applications
You'll learn Understand PHP's core internals: Learn the "how" and "why" behind PHP, going beyond basic scripting. Boost your skills: Gain expertise in performance optimization , advanced debugging , and the ability to contribute to the PHP core or build powerful C extensions . Set up your environment: Compile PHP from source and master essential tools like GDB for internal development. Explore the PHP Request Lifecycle: Discover how PHP interacts with various SAPIs (FPM, Apache, CLI) and dive ...
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You'll learn Understand PHP's core internals: Learn the "how" and "why" behind PHP, going beyond basic scripting. Boost your skills: Gain expertise in performance optimization , advanced debugging , and the ability to contribute to the PHP core or build powerful C extensions . Set up your environment: Compile PHP from source and master essential tools like GDB for internal development. Explore the PHP Request Lifecycle: Discover how PHP interacts with various SAPIs (FPM, Apache, CLI) and dive into key stages like MINIT, RINIT, and RSHUTDOWN . Master the Zend Engine architecture: Get an in-depth look at its components: Lexer, Parser, Compiler, Executor (Zend VM), and Memory Manager . Trace code execution: Understand how PHP code is broken into tokens , transformed into an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) , compiled into Opcodes , and executed by the Zend VM . Leverage OPcache: Learn how it optimizes performance by reusing opcodes. Deep dive into memory management: Understand the Zend Memory Manager (ZMM) , memory allocation types, and PHP's Garbage Collection (GC) , including how to identify memory leaks . Work with ZVALs: Master PHP's universal data container and how all data types (scalars, arrays, objects) are represented internally, including reference counting and Copy-on-Write (COW) . Explore core data structures: Get to grips with zend_string , HashTable (for arrays), and zend_object (for objects). Develop PHP extensions in C: Learn the fundamentals, including the extension anatomy and lifecycle functions . Build your first extension: Define C functions for PHP, handle argument parsing , and return values . Implement advanced extension techniques: Work with arrays, define classes/objects, manage resources, and handle INI settings and exceptions . Ensure thread safety: Understand TSRM and how to write robust, thread-safe extensions . Interface with external C libraries: Link and integrate third-party libraries into your extensions. Debug and profile extensions: Use powerful tools like GDB and Valgrind to optimize your C code. Analyze the PHP Standard Library: Dissect core PHP function implementations to understand best practices. Optimize extension performance: Learn strategies for writing efficient C code and understand the impact of JIT Compilation . Contribute to PHP core: Discover the RFC process , coding standards, Git workflow, and how to get involved in the community.
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